Efficient and Sustainable Ecosystems - 773 Words

Ecosystem Report: Introduction: Ecosystems are everywhere. Any place that contains living and non-living organisms (biotic and abiotic), that share the same space are a community, this is called an ecosystem. An ecosystem can occupy a large space in the environment, or a very small space. To make up an ecosystem, there must be an interrelationship between the abiotic and biotic components in the ecosystem; for example, there must be a series of food-chains in order for the different species to survive in that particular ecosystem. Another definition of an ecosystem is: ‘They consist of all the organisms in a community, their biotic and abiotic environments, and exchanges within and between each of these’ (Knox et al. 2010, p. 128). The purpose of this investigation is to thoroughly study an ecosystem, to expand the knowledge of many who wish to further understand the environment and its components. By completing this investigation it allows for people to understand the importance and needs for having and maintaining healthy ecosystems. For example, ‘Ecosystems provide food both in their natural state...in the form of managed landscapes’ (International Water Management Institute 2011, p. 11). The investigations of ecosystems are vital in today’s society because people can learn how to better treat and take care of them so they are more efficient and sustainable. Methods: Figure 1: This is a map of where the investigation was taken place, and it shows the 2 areas thatShow MoreRelatedReducing Deforestation And The Loss Of Biodiversity1324 Words   |  6 PagesWhen the UN created Sustainable Development Goals during their meeting in New York City from September 25th-27th, there were many targets that were set in order to improve Terrestrial Processes. This was clearly an important issue that the UN felt the need to spend much time on in order to address properly. 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Creating a Reliable Database for Small Business Enterprises Essay

Essays on Creating a Reliable Database for Small Business Enterprises Essay The paper "Creating a Reliable Database for Small Business Enterprises" is an outstanding example of an essay on information technology. Information technology refers to the transfer and access of data through the use of computers. Small business enterprises need to create and design reliable databases for better services and loss minimization. For instance, if a small businessman runs a chain of hotels or has a cafà © offering both take in and take away foods, it is prudent for them to design a database for his products (Reid 13). The logical database design will rely on different entities depending on what the cafà © provides most to its clients. The database should put into consideration customer preferences, price list; door delivery if available and a mode of ordering by the clients from the comfort of their homes. For effectiveness, the database should indicate details of the customers, those who buy takeaway, take in and those who prefer to order from their homes.   The database will play a significant role in the business by creating a strong customer base and increase their loyalty in case the business person decides to give offers in times of special occasions for his clients. The database should contain all the sales of the day, enable a tracking functionality; this helps in reducing loss and theft from employees. The database should also contain all the details of every single employee working in the hotel/cafà © for easier reference (Reid 13). A reliable database for any single small business enterprise will change the dynamics of the venture, and increase customers hence increased profits. It’s a challenging aspect of information technology, but every business person should be encouraged to implement it for the benefit of their businesses.

Importance Purchasing Management

Question: Write a report about the importance of purchase management. Answer: Introduction Purchase management is one of the integral functions of an organization. Purchase management is one of the crucial areas of an organization and involves material management and management of purchasing activities of an organization. It can be seen that an organization involves in purchase, which is critical for its production. Purchase department is responsible for conducting this managerial function and making sure that the purchase is carried out correctly and it is in optimum quality. Purchase management is carried out with the intention of keeping the prices minimum and the cost of department low. The purpose of this management is to critically evaluate the benefit given by supplier and to further improve the relations with the suppliers and develop new suppliers. It is also important for the company to train employees regarding purchase management and stress on the fact that is holds strategic role in escalating the profitability of the company (Baily, 2013). The report is prepared on The Cocoa Trees. The Cocoa Trees is a retail organization dealing in chocolate and confectionary brands. The retail store is a reputed organization functioning in Singapore. It is the largest and biggest distributor and retailer in chocolate and confectionary brands in Singapore. It has more than 70 stores in Singapore and Asia Pacific. The goals and missions of the company are to the biggest and the most notable confectionary brand in Singapore and Asia Pacific. The company intends on being a global organization and embarks on extending the branches beyond the boundaries to other countries to expand the business and strengthen the expansion policies. Achieving high profitability is one of the main objectives. The company strategizes on achieving economies scale to induce low cost and high profit for the company. Expansion policies also positively affect the company. The company receives stiff competition from Ferrero Rocher and Kinder Bueno. Ferrero Rocher gives a strong and stiff competition to the Cocoa Trees. It can be seen that the strongest and the closest rival to The Cocoa Trees are estimated to be Ferrero Rocher, which enjoys a market share of 23%. However, the company is the largest distributor and retailer of chocolate and confectionary products and it can be seen that the company enjoys a competitive and a comparative advantage over its rival. The company deals in products like Fazer, Droste, Daim and Fritt etc. The company deals in a variety of chocolates and confectionary products that are traded around the globe (Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons, 2013). Supplier Selection Criterion and Issues Suppliers form one of the most important pillars for an organization. Suppliers are one of the biggest stakeholders of the company. The company relies heavily on suppliers as the production process and the operational activity depend on the supplier. A purchase manager is vested with the responsibilities of making sure that the purchases are made in the right quantity at the correct rate and most importantly from the correct source. There are certain areas that need assessment and evaluation before selecting a suitable supplier for the organization. The Cocoa Trees need to use a Sourcing Hierarchy of Constraints and Criteria to evaluate and assess the supplier selection. There are eight grounds, which need to be assessed before selecting a suitable supplier. Cost: One of the important factors while selecting a supplier is cost. One of the main objectives of the company is profit maximisation and economies of scale. Now in order to get economies of scale, the cost incurred on suppliers need to assessed. Low and reasonable cost is usually preferred by a company in order to keep the cost low. Therefore one of the important factors is cost. This is an important factor from the viewpoint of the company as it heavily depends on economies of scale and low cost to escalate the profitability of the company (Baily, 2013). Quality and Safety: One of the marketing strategies adopted by the company is providing quality products to the consumers and customers (Lu, 2014). Therefore, one area that needs to be assessed is the quality of the materials given by the supplier and the safety quotient attached it. Quality and safety are the two parameters that decide the goodwill and the success of the company. The company deals in the best quality goods and therefore, it is very important to see that the suppliers do provide quality materials that have a good amount safety level attached to it. Employees are one of the biggest stakeholders and the presence of hazardous material develops peril for the employees at workplace and in order to develop a reputation for the company, it is important such areas are assessed and scrutinised. Delivery: One of the important areas of assessment and evaluation for selecting a supplier is the time span involved in the delivery of the material and the convenience provided in the delivery of the material. For an organization, it is important to assess and evaluate, which supplier provides a quick delivery of materials as this increases the time and place utility of the product (Lu, 2014). Service: another important criteria and parameter for an organization to assess is the service provided by the supplier to the organizations. The quality of service provided the supplier reflects the quality of trade that the supplier undertakes. It sheds critical light to the company on choosing between the correct services that deems more appropriate for the organization. The constraints need to be evaluated and strategically assessed. It has to be evaluated whether the constraints and limitations are eligible. Certain areas need to be assessed for selecting suppliers. The previous and past experiences regarding the service and the materials provided by the supplier plays a critical role in assessing the suitable supplier for the organization. The ability of the supplier to meet the necessary quality system and the ability to maintain the sophistication needed in the quality of the materials. It is important for the organization to assess whether the supplier can meet the requirements of the organization and supply it within the delivery schedule. The Cocoa Trees intend on mass scale turnover and also aim at economies of scale. Therefore, it has to choose a supplier that can provide the supply within the time constraints and can also adjust to the varying demands of the organization (Kanapathy et al. 2016). A track record of the supplier and its contribution to the improvement of the business needs to be assessed by the organization. Total cost of dealing with the supplier includes the cost materials, cost of communication, inventory and other related costs need to be assessed and therefore the total cost has to be evaluated before selecting a suitable supplier. It is important for the organization to look after the financial stability of the organization. These are the parameters that need to be assessed before selecting a suitable supplier for an organization. The goals and objectives of the organization need to be assessed, which serves as the framework for selecting a suitable supplier (Monczka et al. 2013). Certain issues like managing suppliers cost needs to be carefully assessed. The company needs to assess whether it will employ Activity Based Costing method or Historical Costing method. All these factors have to be assessed during certain issues, which arise during the evaluation of suppliers. ICT for Purchasing Operations The purchasing goals and objectives of The Cocoa Trees is cost saving and the ability of the organizations to save cost and achieve economies of scale for the organization. The company enjoys a good market share and good brand image. As a result of which, the company follows the policy of providing high quality products and therefore, seeks to procure quality materials for its business. One of the goals and objectives of the organization regarding purchase is resolving issues related to supplier and developing good relationship with suppliers as they are one of the major stakeholders of the organizations. One of the objectives and goals of the purchasing department is maintaining quality and eliminating unethical practices. The main objectives of the purchasing department of The Cocoa Trees is purchasing materials and equipment for the organization, bidding prices and negotiating with the suppliers to achieve a fair and the best deal for the organization, which will reflect on the pr ofitability of the organization (Monczka et al. 2013). The relevance of choosing the correct Information and Communication technologies is important for the organization in reducing wastes and increasing profitability. The ICT that the organization needs to apply is Electronic Data Interchange. This technology states the transmission of messages from one computer system to another without the need of the human effort and follows a specific standard messaging format. It allows different organizations in different countries to exchange information electronically through serial links and peer to peer sharing. It allows the organization to forward the purchase requirements to a supplier electronically. The message given in an EDI contains strings of data that represents a specific fact like price or model number of the product. The entire string is called a data segment. This data segment that is framed by trailer and header form the transaction set that is the message in the EDI. This transaction set resembles to what a business document look like. Thus, it assists in the purchase invoice and the purchase operations of the organizations. This strategy offers good technique for improving the information technology and communication system and also assists the organization sin achieving customer satisfaction. It helps the organization in reducing wastes and achieving high profitability (Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons, 2013). Thus, Electronic Data Interchange is one of the best techniques in terms of Information and Communication Technology for the organization. Purchasing Cost Analysis The goals and objectives of the purchasing department of the organization is to obtain low cost on purchase and receive best and high quality inputs. Evaluating the goals and objectives of the organization, one can infer that the company seeks to achieve economies of scale for which it requires to procure materials from suppliers at a low cost and achieve high profitability. In order to achieve competitive advantage and maintain a high brand image, it is important for the company to employ correct techniques for estimation and correct evaluation of purchase cost. One of the best costing techniques is Activity Based costing. Activity Based Costing technique is the methodology that recognizes different activities in an organization and assigns cost as per the activities and is based on actual consumption during each activity. Comparison of bids is a useful tool in analysing purchasing cost. The competitive bids refer to the price offered by the suppliers for similar products. The lowest bid is the rational choice. However, the lowest bid is not the lowest cost and the total purchasing cost needs to be assessed in this scenario. The use of suppliers analysis would be useful and beneficial for an organization in these circumstances (Kanapathy et al. 2016). Comparison of previous quotation of purchase price needs to be carried out. Comparing recent quotes with the current quotation might be useful in assessing the price analysis of the product. Inventory analysis is one of the best techniques used for purchase cost analysis. The evaluation of cost of storing materials and the cost of not offering inventory for sale is possible through inventory analysis. It is important for the organization to estimate its current inventory and predict the future inventory level. In this process it will be able to incur the optimum cost for purchase. Thus, one can see that inventory analysis is one of the best methods of evaluating the cost of purchase. Conclusion Thus, on concluding the report, one can see the importance of purchase management. Purchase is noticed as one of the important elements in the operational activity of an organization. In the case of The Cocoa Trees, it is important to evaluate and analyse the purchasing system of the organization.one can see the purchasing goals and objectives of the organization, which is to procure high quality materials at low cost. It can be seen that certain necessary grounds for selecting a supplier is the code of conducts, past records, quality of the material and the delivery time required by the supplier to supply the products. The report highlights the importance of Information and Communication Technology and underlines the importance of Electronic Data Interchange. The importance of better purchase cost analysis is highlighted, which determines the purchase of the materials at the lowest cost. Some of the techniques are cost analysis, including activity based costing technique, inventory and suppliers analysis are some of the important tools for evaluating purchasing costs. Reference List Ancarani, A., Zsidisin, G. A. (2013). Past achievements and future directions for the Journal of Purchasing Supply Management.Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management,1(19), 1-4 Baily, P. J. (2013).Purchasing and supply management. Springer Barney, J. B. (2012). Purchasing, supply chain management and sustained competitive advantage: The relevance of resourceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ based theory.Journal of Supply Chain Management,48(2), 3-6. Bozarth, C. C., Handfield, R. B. (2015).Introduction to operations and supply chain management. Prentice Hall. Fitzsimmons, J., Fitzsimmons, M. (2013).Service management: Operations, strategy, information technology. McGraw-Hill Higher Education Foerstl, K., Hartmann, E., Wynstra, F., Moser, R. (2013). Cross-functional integration and functional coordination in purchasing and supply management: Antecedents and effects on purchasing and firm performance.International Journal of Operations Production Management,33(6), 689-721. Gonzlez-Benito, J., Lannelongue, G., Ferreira, L. M., Gonzalez-Zapatero, C. (2016). The effect of green purchasing on purchasing performance: the moderating role played by long-term relationships and strategic integration.Journal of Business Industrial Marketing,31(2), 312-324. Kanapathy, K., Yee, G. W., Zailani, S., Aghapour, A. H. (2016). An intra-regional comparison on RoHS practices for green purchasing management among electrical and electronics SMEs in Southeast Asia.International Journal of Procurement Management,9(3), 249-271. Lu, A. C. (2014). Research on Enterprise Architecture of Purchasing Management. Miemczyk, J., Johnsen, T. E., Macquet, M. (2012). Sustainable purchasing and supply management: a structured literature review of definitions and measures at the dyad, chain and network levels.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(5), 478-496 Monczka, R., Handfield, R., Giunipero, L., Patterson, J. (2015).Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Rodrigues, S. L., de Oliveira Sousa, J. V. (2015). BUSINESS PROCESSES MODELING: A STUDY ON THE PROCESS OF PURCHASING MANAGEMENT IN PHARMACEUTICAL PRIVATE NETWORK HOSPITAL TERESINA-PI.REVISTA DE GESTAO EM SISTEMAS DE SAUDE-RGSS,4(1), 83-99. Schweiger, J. (2016). Concept of a Purchasing and Supply Management Maturity Framework. InSupply Management Research(pp. 153-176). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. Spina, G., Caniato, F., Luzzini, D., Ronchi, S. (2013). Past, present and future trends of purchasing and supply management: An extensive literature review.Industrial Marketing Management,42(8), 1202-1212. Weele, A. J., Raaij, E. M. (2014). The future of purchasing and supply management research: About relevance and rigor.Journal of Supply Chain Management,50(1), 56-72. Zhang, M., Cui, J. (2016). A quantitative description of complex adaptive system: The self-adaptive mechanism of the material purchasing management system towards the changing environment.Journal of Systems Science and Complexity,29(1), 151-170.

Political Science Federal Level

Question: Discuss about thePolitical Sciencefor Federal Level. Answer: Introduction A structural deficit in Canada has its existence, but only at the provincial level and not at the federal level. The provinces in Canada are in desperate needs of revenues as they have hit low rates of interest and steady growth in most of the country whereas the federal government is scoring high. Firstly, in Canada, the federal echelon of government has ability above areas of law that normally influences the total country like railways, patents, census and the interprovincial trade regulation. In case of provincial law, each has its own legislature and is accountable for areas of law that are programmed under the Constitution Act, 1867. The provincial governments cannot shift their authority to the federal government, though delegation of the administration of one of their dependability can be offered to federal agency (Argy, Victor E., and Nevile). Different layers of government are governing Canada where the federal government has been portrayed as constitutionally autonomous. Secondly, the territories in Canada are created by federal law, which results in the crown lands in territories being preserved by the federal government in the Canadian rights (LeDuc, Lawrence, and Pammett). It differs from provinces on the basis, which takes hold of the provincial lands in the Crown in the provincial rights. Thirdly, federal governments in Canada need more powers to be effective in the whole country in things like immigration and citizens whereas provincial takes account of education and health sector (Watts and Ronald). However, Canadas provincial governments have been struggling lately of debts and deficits unlike their federal counterparts. The Canadian economy has been performing better than anyone expected. It has adopted a more balanced budget law reinforcing its message that structural deficits did not come back. The fact that the Government of Ontario at present borrows around $20 billion dollar per year regardless of its own impartial budget law depicting the easy ways through which rules are contravened. The federal budget would remain unbiased not because of the law, as because the government has restricted the liability in future for transfers in health care and obligations related to pensions and begun the extended, tough procedure of reining in the employee compensation. It can be concluded that the federal government needs to have more power for a better Canada. Reference: Argy, Victor E., and John Nevile, eds.Inflation and Unemployment: Theory, Experience and Policy Making. Routledge, 2016. LeDuc, Lawrence, and Jon H. Pammett. "Attitudes toward Democratic Norms and Practices: Canada in Comparative Perspective."Canadian Democracy from the Ground Up: Perceptions and Performance(2014): 22. Watts, Ronald L. "Comparing Federal Political Systems."Understanding Federalism and Federation(2015): 11